Parts of speech (Noun) with Marathi explanation

 

Parts of Speech

Nouns and Types of Nouns

Singular and Plural noun

शब्दांच्या जाती 

 नाम आणि  नामाचे प्रकार

 एकवचनी आणि अनेकवचनी नाम

There are 8 parts of speech in English.

 इंग्रजीमध्ये भाषे मध्ये 8 parts of speech आहेत.

They are :

1. Noun 
2. Pronoun 
3. Adjective 
4. Verb 
5. Adverb 
6. Preposition 
7. Conjunction 
8. Interjection

Determiners can also be included in parts of speech.

1.  नाम 
2.  सर्वनाम 
3.  विशेषण 
4.  क्रियापद 
5.  क्रियाविशेषण 
6.  शब्दयोगी अव्यय 
7.  उभयान्वयी अव्यय 
8. केवल प्रयोगी अव्यय

 शब्दांच्या जाती मध्ये निर्धारक देखील समाविष्ट केले जाऊ शकतात

Now let's discuss the part of the speech 'Noun' in some detail.

 

Noun 

The noun means 'name of anything'. It can name a person, animal, place, thing, quality, feeling, Idea, and so on.

 नाम म्हणजे 'कोणत्याही गोष्टीचे नाव'. ते व्यक्ती, प्राणी, ठिकाण, वस्तू, गुणवत्ता, भावना, कल्पना इत्यादींना नाव देऊ शकते.

E.g. 

A person: Ram, Mohan, John, teacher, mother, God, etc.

A place: Russia, America, school, village, etc.

A thing: bell, door, purse, pencil, coin, etc.

An abstract idea: honesty affection poverty, etc.

Types of nouns : 

• Common noun सामान्य नाम
• Proper noun  विशेष नाम 

1. Common noun : 

सामान्य नाम

 A common name given to the same type of person or object is a common noun.

एकाच प्रकारच्या व्यक्तीला किंवा वस्तूला दिलेले सामान्य नाव म्हणजे सामान्य नाम.

E.g. boy, girl, dog, tree, City, river, mountain, table, school, etc.

2. Proper noun: :

विशेष नाम 

A proper noun is a special name given to a particular person, animal, or place.

 विशेष नाम हे विशिष्ट व्यक्ती, प्राणी किंवा ठिकाणाला दिलेले विशेष नाव आहे.

E.g.

Raju, Sunita, Tommy, Mumbai, Godavari, Himalaya, etc.

 Common nouns include 

• concrete nouns, 
• abstract nouns, 
• and collective nouns.

  सामान्य नामा मध्ये ठोस संज्ञा, अमूर्त संज्ञा आणि सामूहिक संज्ञा यांचा समावेश होतो.

Concrete nouns : 

ठोस संज्ञा : 

Concrete nouns stand for the things that we can touch or see.

 आपण स्पर्श करू शकतो किंवा पाहू शकतो अशा गोष्टींसाठी ठोस संज्ञा आहेत.

पेटी, पुस्तक, इमारत, झोपडी, झाड, वनस्पती इ.

E. g.

Box, book, building, hut, tree, plant, etc.

Abstract nouns : 

अमूर्त संज्ञा: 

Abstract nouns stand for ideas, qualities, feelings, etc. that we cannot touch or see means, that the things that do not exist in nature but are, are called abstract nouns.

In other words, we can say that no actual things dance before our eyes when we mention these nouns but we can understand their concept. Such words are called abstract nouns.

अमूर्त संज्ञा म्हणजे कल्पना, गुण, भावना इ. ज्यांना आपण स्पर्श करू शकत नाही किंवा पाहू शकत नाही याचा अर्थ, ज्या गोष्टी निसर्गात अस्तित्वात नाहीत परंतु आहेत, त्यांना अमूर्त संज्ञा म्हणतात.

दुसऱ्या शब्दांत, आपण असे म्हणू शकतो की जेव्हा आपण या संज्ञांचा उल्लेख करतो तेव्हा कोणतीही वास्तविक वस्तू आपल्या डोळ्यांसमोर येते परंतु आपण त्यांची संकल्पना समजू शकतो. अशा शब्दांना अमूर्त संज्ञा म्हणतात.

 

E.g. 

Bravery, poverty, childhood, laughter, thoughts, truth, death, etc

उदा. शौर्य, गरिबी, बालपण, हशा, विचार, सत्य, मृत्यू इ

Collective nouns : 

समूहवाचक नाम : 

The collective noun is a name given to a group of persons, animals, or things.

 सामूहिक संज्ञा हे काही व्यक्ती, प्राणी किंवा वस्तूंच्या समूहाला दिलेले नाव आहे.

E.g.

Team - a group of players

 flock - a group of birds 

Bunch - a group of keys.

So team, flock, and a bunch are collective nouns.

There is one more kind of noun which is a material noun.

Material noun : 

पदार्थवाचकनाम 

The name given to some material is called a material noun.

 काही पदार्थांना दिलेल्या नावाला पदार्थवाचकनाम म्हणतात.

E.g. 

Air, water, milk, sugar, wheat, etc.

There are two other types of nouns.

They are :

• Countable and 
• Uncountable nouns.

1. Countable nouns :

Nouns that can be counted in 123 are called countable nouns.

 ज्या संज्ञा 1, 2, 3 मध्ये मोजल्या जाऊ शकतात त्यांना मोजण्या योग्य संज्ञा म्हणतात.

E.g.

Table, chair, pain, box, etc.

Here, we can count 1 table 2 tables 3 tables 4 chairs 4 boxes, etc . so they are countable nouns.

2. Uncountable nouns : 

अगणित संज्ञा : 

Nouns that cannot be counted in numbers are called uncountable nouns.

संख्यांमध्ये मोजता येत नसलेल्या संज्ञांना अगणित संज्ञा म्हणतात.

E.g.

Milk, water, sugar, glass, etc.

Here, we cannot count 1 sugar, 2 sugars, 1 wheat, 2 wheat, etc so they are uncountable nouns.

{ Important Note: Material nouns are always singular, taking only singular verbs.}

Singular and Plural

Read the following sentences:

We have one mouth, one face, one nose, one tongue.

We have two hands, two feet thirty-two teeth, and 20 fingers.

The words 'mouth' and 'face' refer to only one thing. Hence they are singular. 

A singular noun is one person, place, animal, bird, or thing.

The words 'hands', 'feet', and 'teeth' refer to more than one thing. Hence they are plural. 

A plural noun means more than one person, place, animal, bird, or thing.

Plurals are formed in the following ways:

(1) Add 's' to the singular noun.

e.g. tale - tales; rat-rats; room - rooms.

(2) Add 'es' to the singular noun when it ends in o, s, ss, x, ch, and sh.

e.g. mango-mangoes; box-boxes; church-churches; brush - brushes;

But there are some words which do not follow the rule.

These exceptions are:

 kilo - kilos; photo - photos; piano - pianos.

(3) Change the final 'y' of the singular noun into 'i' and add 'es'. 

e.g. lady - ladies; baby - babies.

(4) Add 's' if the final 'y' of a singular noun comes after a vowel.

e.g. boy-boys; key-keys; ray - rays.

(5) Change the final 'f' or 'fe' of the singular noun into 'v' and add 'es'.

e.g. calf-calves; knife-knives; leaf-leaves. 

Some exceptions are gulf-gulfs; cliff-cliffs; safe-safes; handkerchief-handkerchiefs.

Plurals are also formed in some uncommon ways -

By changing the inside vowel or vowels of the singular noun.

e.g. man - men, woman - women, mouse - mice, foot - feet, tooth - teeth

(6) Collective nouns take an 's' in the plural

e.g. team-teams; herd-herds; bouquets - bouquets.

(7 ) Some singular nouns remain the same in the plural form.

 e.g. aircraft, cod, deer, equipment, furniture, sheep, spacecraft, trout, series and dozen, gross, pair, score, hundred, thousand, million (when used after numerals)

EXERCISE

Q.1 Classify the following nouns into

common

proper

collective

abstract

and

material

house, school, city, oil, movement, life, water, river, Ganga, Madhu, crowd, team, Ajay, laptop, Alps, heart, rope, Mr. Pande, bravery, pride, happiness

Q.2 Classify the following into concrete and abstract nouns.

 

the complaint, cat, doll, ball, eagerness, brick, document, similarity, cruelty, privacy, leaf, childhood, water, partnership, pilgrimage, vacancy

Q. 3 Classify the following into countable and uncountable.

man, jug, sea, ink, leaf, milk, sugar, book, water bottle, bravery, puppy paper, ice, Kolkatta, scientist, elephant, bread, glass, furniture