7.12 MHCERT 7th General Science 12. The muscular system and digestive system in human beings

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Maharashtra State Board- General science -7th standard -12th chapter - The Muscular System and Digestive System in Human beings

1. Fill in the blanks with the right word from the brackets. 

(a) The process of digestion starts from

 the mouth. (stomach/mouth)

 (b) Eyelids have involuntary (voluntary /involuntary)muscles.

c) Production of blood cells is not the function of the muscular system. (production of blood cells/ performing moments.)

d) Muscles of the heart are cardiac muscles. (ordinary muscles /cardiac muscles)

e) Pushing forward the food that has been chewed is the function of the oesophagus. (stomach/oesophagus)

Que.2
Find a match for me.

  1. Cardiac muscles - we never feel tired.
  2. Are brought about by muscles - chewing up movements of jaws
  3. Pepsin - enzyme of gastric juice
  4. Cramps -  uncontrolled and painful contraction of muscles
  5. Skeletal muscles - always function in pairs


Que.3

Who is telling a lie?

1. Tongue ( 👅)  - The tongue is telling the lie because the tongue's taste buds can tell all of the different tastes.
2. Liver -  Liver is not lying. The liver is the largest gland in the body.
3. Large intestine - Large intestine is telling a lie because it is not 7.5 m long. It is 1.5 m long.
4. Appendix - The appendix is telling a lie because it does not perform any function in the body.
5. Lung - Lung is the organ of the respiratory system. It is not the organ of the excretory system. So it plays a role in the excretion of carbon dioxide. But here, it is lying because it does not play an important role in the excretory system.

Que. 4

 Give reasons.

 1.  Food becomes acidic in the stomach.

Ans.

The gastric glands of the stomach secret gastric use. It contains mild hydrochloric acid. tips in and mucus. So the food becomes acidic.

2.  Cardiac muscles are said to be involuntary muscles.

Ans.

 The cardiac muscles bring about the contraction and relaxation of the heart continuously at the rate of about 70 times per minute. They are essential for life. They do not depend upon our will. So cardiac muscles are said to be involuntary muscles.

3. Intoxicating substances should not be consumed.

Ans.

Harmful habits like smoking, chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol affect our health adversely. If we consume any tobacco products, the mouth pharynx, alimentary canal and other organs of the digestive system cannot function properly. It causes problems like vomiting nausea and headache. Besides, tobacco particles stick to the teeth gums and skin of the mouth cavity and slowly cause injury to those parts resulting in their dysfunction. This causes swelling of the gums and pain when moving the jaws. The pharynx and intestine become inflamed and the condition further progresses into cancer leading to death. So intoxicating substances should not be consumed.


4.  Your muscles should be strong and efficient.



Ans.

If muscles are not strong and efficient we would feel tired and weak very soon. Our muscles should be strong and efficient so that we can perform many activities without painful problems. Every movement is possible due to the combination of bones and muscles. For that purpose, we must include proteins and carbohydrates in sufficient quantities for the proper growth and repair of muscles.

Que.5
 Answer the following.

a) How many types of muscles are there? Which are those types?

Ans. 

There are two types of muscles according to their function.

  • Voluntary muscles 
  • Involuntary muscles

There are three types of muscles according to structure

  • Skeletal muscles 
  • Heart or cardiac muscles 
  • Smooth muscles

b )What causes the problem of acidity? What is its effect on the body?

Ans.

The gastric glands of the stomach secrete gastric juice. It contains mild hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus. If it is produced in excess, it causes the problem of acidity, headache, heartburns, vomiting etc.

c)Name the different types of teeth? What is the function of each type?

Ans. 

Following are the different types of teeth - 

Teeth and their functions - 

  • Incisors - help in biting breaking or peeling.
  • Canines - help carnivorous animals for killing a prey
  • Premolars and molars - both of these help in chewing and grinding the food.

Que. 6
Sketch and label the diagram of the digestive system and describe it in your own words.

1. Mouth

Digestion of food begins in the mouth. Food is chewed with the help of teeth into very small pieces.

2. Pharynx or throat

The oesophagus and trachea open into the pharynx.

3. Digestive glands


  • Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the body. It has a rich supply of blood. The liver secretes bile juice which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile juice helps in the digestion of fats.

  • Pancreas

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice.

  • Salivary glands

Salivary glands are located in front of the ear near the pharynx and below the tongue. Saliva is produced in these glands. It is carried to the mouth viaducts. It is mixed with food during the process of chewing. It contains ptyalin.

Stomach

It is a large sac-like part of the alimentary canal. The gastric glands of the stomach secrete gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus and the food becomes acidic. churning and the action of gastric juice make a slurry from food and it is slowly pushed into the small intestine.

Small intestine

Three different digestive juices are mixed with the food in the small intestine. Absorption into the blood of nutrients obtained by the digestion of food also occurs in the small intestine.

Large intestine

The large intestine absorbs only water there is function less appendix is attached to the first part of the large intestine undigested matter is stored for some time and then thrown out of the body through the anus.



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